rajatarangini was translated into persian by

Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Kalhana was a poet. After his death, the queen committed. After that, the English translation. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. It is by late Vidwan T.K. Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Jizya was abolished too in his command. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. 'Rajatharangini' review: A Sanskrit classic from Kashmir revisited in Answer. It does not store any personal data. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. [6], No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. Verse 15. In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. . From Stein's translation:[3]. An unpopular king, he was killed. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. } Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate - MCQ Books Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. No examples found, consider adding one please. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Verse 14. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Request Permissions. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Corrections? Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. How do people make money on survival on Mars? This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Who among the following is associated with translation of Rajatarangini Verse 7. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). 2011 Duke University Press His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Jonaraja (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. He was known for his religious tolerance. Verse 11. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. View Answer that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Hiranya died childless. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Turn on. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. Was this answer helpful? Wife of Damodara. Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Has data issue: true The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. Made king by the minister Shura. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? - GKToday He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. the Kambojs Hence the correct answer is Option B. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. Zianu-l Abidin of Kashmir deputed the famous Sanskrit scholar Jonaraja and Srivara for the completion of Rajatarangini to bring the history of Kashmir up-to-date. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Son of Hiranyakula. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Abstract. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Rajatarangini | Sanskrit, Chronicle, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). Verse 13. View all Google Scholar citations It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. Translations. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). All rights reserved. After ruling indirectly and directly. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. 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Deposed by the minister Shura. Sussala's son. But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana.